Motivation and Personality Motivation is a business and how it affects consumers

Motivation and Personality Motivation is a business and how it affects consumers 3.4 Motivation and Personality Motivation is a stimulating factor; it generates a behaviour which gratifies a need (Meyer et al., 2004 and Parish et al 2008). As a particular need satisfies, it generates a new one thus needs are perennial (Drakopoulos, S. A., 1994). As per Abraham Maslow consumer behaviour or purchasing decisions are based on their live pyramid which is exhibited in Fig (1.1). Â  This figure also clarifies priority decisions based on economic and general circumstances. Maslows motivational need theory states that people are encouraged through their unsatisfied needs. It further implies that lower needs should be fulfilled prior to higher needs. Also, he stresses that each and every need (i.e. survival, physiological, love, safety, and esteem)Â  should be fulfilled in an unbiased manner (Gawel, 1997). The definitions of motivation (Meyer et al., 2004 and Parish et al 2008) and the concept of needs (Drakopoulos, S. A., 1994) emphasis over consumers purchase decisions. These definitions clearly justify that there is a relation between consumer behaviour and Maslows motivational theory; as a person who is living in a street, would be more interested in food and shelter rather than keeping money to buy a BMW car. Maslows theory is quite pertinent for marketing purpose as marketers must keep into consideration this theory while designing marketing tactics and strategies, and specifically for marketing communications quotes and messages. The Maslows theory is appropriately elaborated below :- Fig.1.6 Source: (Huitt. 2004, pp1). Physiological needs are primary needs of human being; it comprises the basic necessities of life (food, clothing, and shelter). These needs are more significant than safety needs or other needs which are in the hierarchy (Maslow, 1970). He further described these needs as survival needs, and stated that their gratification is prominent in order to fulfil other hierarchical needs. Security and safety comes under safety needs, it includes economic security and physical safety and economic security. Once an individual becomes physically secured and economically stable, he/she start focusing to social needs, which consist of need for love, affection, intimacy, acceptance etc. After gratifying social needs, he/she starts craving for self accomplishment, which means prestige and social status. The final need is Self-Actualization when the individual recognises his/her personal potential, seeks personal growth, self-fulfilment and peak experiences. The main question here is how these needs do affects consumers purchasing behaviours, and what are the marketing implications? Norwood proposes that Maslows hierarchy is very helpful to describe and understand the variety of information that individuals search in order to gratify their needs at various levels. Norwood (1999) again stated that individuals at the lowest level only look for information which will him/her help to get their basic needs. Hence, any information which is not directly helping the individual to meet basic need will be ignored. He further emphasized that individual who is at the safety level of the hierarchy will be interested for that information which will help him/her to be secure and safe. Belongingness needs can be easily sought out by Enlightening information [which is generally found in books, magazines or other materials pertaining to relationship development]. He further evoked that Individual at the esteem level would be more interested to gather Empowering information which will help him/her to satisfy their self ego. In order to satisfy cognitive, aesthetic, and Self-actualization needs, edifying information would be helpful. While Norwood does not specifically address the level of transcendence, I believe it safe to say that individuals at this stage would seek information on how to connect to something beyond themselves or to how others could be edified (Huitt, 2004) 3.5 Learning and Perception Perception is the process by which an individual selects, organises and interprets information to create a meaningful picture of the world. (Pizam and Mansfeld, 1999, pp21) It is also defined as changes in an individuals behaviour based on experience. Learning and Perception are very prominent and persuading psychological factors in consumers buying decisions. Within the domain of perception, self concept is the totality of an individuals thoughts and feelings about oneself. Thus ones thoughts and feelings influences how one selects, organises and interprets information to create a picture of the world (Rosenberg 1979 and DeLamater, 2003) After intensely analysing the two definitions [perception by Pizam and Mansfeld and self concept by Rosenberg], it can be easily conclude that consumers perception about product affect his/her purchase decision as purchase decision is directly proportionate to consumer perception. Repercussion of perception in marketing is that people selectively perceive what they look forward for which ultimately affect their buying decisions. Different perceptions impact consumers decision making differently (Pizam and Mansfeld 1999) Selective perception notifies that it is a tendency of customer to organize and interpret information constantly, on the other side selective exposure proposes that customer pay attention to those thoughts and messages which are connected to its belief and attitude. And if in case these messages are not related or connected than they remain unnoticed and ignored. Just opposite to this approach, selective comprehension states that customer interprets only that information which is consistent with their held attitude and belief. The other element of perception is selective retention which reveals that everyday customer come across several advertisement, marketing communication messages, emails etc but they do not remember all that they see, read, and hear, hence they are always very selective as what to retain and what not. Lastly comes, subliminal perception, it stresses that several times customer hear and see messages without awareness, nevertheless, the impact of these messages on buying decisions is still pretty arguable. Learning is a behaviour which result into repetitive buying. It comprises the process of automatic reaction to a circumstance constructed through constant exposure of it (i.e. Behavioural learning); monitoring the results of others buying behaviour and correct it accordingly (i.e. cognitive learning) and the next arguable point is loyalty, its a positive and supportive attitude or in other words consistent purchase of a single brand again and again (Kerin et al., 2003). As per Delamater (2003), lifestyle means learning of influenc, how an individual live, what products he/she buys, how he/she use it, what they actually think about these products and how they feel. Moreover, attitude, values and beliefs are other very important psychological factors that stimulate consumer decision making. 3.6 Marketing, Social and Economic Factors influencing consumer purchase decisions There are various factors like social, environmental, marketing, promotional, and economic except psychological factors, that play vital role in consumer buying decision. Persuasive promotional campaigns, advertisements and other informative messages are at time very useful while consumer buying decisions such as whilst information search phase, adverts serve as significant source in order to evaluate information regarding rival brands. [as discussed in chapter three] Moreover, marketing campaigns also convince consumer to a large extent in order to identify their wants and needs towards products and services (inception of decision making process) Some factors like economic factor are as prominent as psychological influences (Pizam and Mansfeld, 1999; Norwood, 1999; Kerinn et al., 2003 and De Lamater, 2003) For instance, If need is identified, it is dependent on the consumers economic powers that can actually decide whether to buy products or services or not to gratify the urge. At times consumers ethical values could also stimulate the buying behaviour. Additionally, disposable income and availability of finance have great impact on buying a product or brand over other, in a broader sense it greatly impact consumers buying decisions. According to a research in US, it is revealed that the level of disposable income is considered most important factor which impact automobile demand. It further showed that the scarcity of fuel and frequent hike in gasoline prices also influenced the demand of cars to a great extent and noticed a steep fall in demand (Carlson, 1978) Soon, another research was carried out by Carlson and Michael (1980) with the aim to forecast the demand of US car industry. This research concluded that disposable income is a major factor that affects the final demand. It also revealed that price plays a significant role to decrease the sale of automobile. Similarly various other studies was carried out to by various researcher like Arguea, Hsiao and Taylor (1994), Kang and Chen (1996) Kobos, Erickson, and Drennen (2003) over the topics study of the US car industry and research of demand for Chinese automobiles. All of them concluded that prices of fuel and income of the consumer stimulates the demand of cars. Their research also demonstrated that availability of credit and income are very important determining factor of consumer decision. Here the foremost question arises that how the recent economic recession result in to decrease in the demand of goods and especially for cars [which this project intends to uncover]. Generally, during recession, consumers even those who are employed] are sceptical and more conscious about their spending and more towards savings money for future uncertainties, and this is one of the reasons of reduced demand of goods and it is quite apparent in the car industry. Further, the impact of this and all other theories discussed above are analysed in chapter four and five.

Capital Punishment Essay: Capital Punishment Targets the Poor

Capital Punishment Targets the Poor In some states, inmates can be executed for crimes they committed at the age of 16; in others, only those who committed murder at age 18 or older are eligible for the death penalty. This essay will demonstrate that such inconsistencies and many other factors cause a situation where the poor are consistently targeted by the death penalty.    Some states, but not all, ban the execution of people with mental retardation. Some states include felony murder (unpremeditated murder committed in the course of another crime such as robbery or burglary) as a capital crime; others do not. In the 29 states that have a sentence of life without parole, 23 have statutes that bar judges from letting jurors know they have that sentencing option. Since studies consistently show that when given a choice between a death sentence and a sentence of life without parole, most people will choose the latter, failure to inform a jury of this alternative is tantamount to sending more people to the execution chamber.    Social science research has discredited the claim that execution deters murder. The majority of murders are committed in the heat of passion, and/or under the influence of alcohol or drugs, when there is little thought given to the possible consequences of the act. "Hit men" and other murderers who plan their crimes beforehand, intend and expect to avoid punishment altogether by not getting caught.    Law enforcement officials know that the death penalty is not a deterrent. Imposing the death penalty more often was thought to be cost-effective by only 29% of 386 randomly selected U.S. police chiefs polled by Peter D. Hart Research Associates in 1995. States that have death p... ...ily as an alternative to the death penalty(Death).    In 45 states, laws allow life sentences for murder that severely limit or eliminate the possibility of parole. Thirteen states impose sentences without the possibility of parole for 25 - 40 years, and all but three of the states that use capital punishment also have the option of life imprisonment with no possibility of parole. Although it is often assumed that capital punishment is less costly than life imprisonment, the opposite is true: in terms of dollars, in terms of crime control, and in terms of morality.    Is there any other way to go than to oppose capital punishment? No.    WORKS CITED: Death Penalty Information Center  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/ Stanford Law Review  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://support.lexis-nexis.com/online/record.asp?ArticleID=LXE_Law_Rev_S   

Competitive pressures on selected, contrasting business Essay

Introduction In this PowerPoint I will prepare a set of presentation slides for Next that explains the competitive pressures they have faced to develop their use of E-Business. I will then compare this to another organisation which will be Currys. Next PLC was founded by Joseph Hepworth in Leeds in 1864 as a tailor under the name of Joseph Hepworth & Son. The retail chain was launched in February 1982. Currys is a British electrical retailer operating in the UK and Ireland and is owned by Dixons Carphone. It specialises in selling home electronics and household appliances, with 295 superstores and 73 high street stores. Next and Curry’s Recruit online: If both these businesses decided to develop their use of e-business, they would be able to start recruiting people online. This is beneficial for both the businesses and the customers. More people will want to apply for jobs online as it is more convenient and easier for them and it is also easier for the companies to go through all the CV’s. Sales promotions: Next and Currys would be able to promote their business even more via the internet and more people will become aware of the sales promotions. This would benefit both companies. Up to date product information: The businesses will be able to make sure that their product information is regularly up to date. By making sure all the product information is precise and up to date they would be satisfying the customers which could result in regular purchases. Next and Curry’s Intrigue customers: The companies would be able to intrigue customers if their website is very precise, easy to use, appealing to the customer and they have good sales on their products. This would put them one step ahead of all their competitors. Quicker and cheaper: This would help attract more customers as they would find it easier to purchase items online, rather than driving down to the actual store as that could be very time consuming and they could use online promotion codes online. The business will benefit from this as they would be making more of a profit if they get more customers to purchase their items online as well as in the store. Creating more awareness: The businesses could create more awareness for themselves which will benefit them. The more attention their company draws the more sales they will be able to make which means that their company will be more successful than it already is. FAQ: Customers would be able to personally ask questions which relate back to Next and Curry’s. The businesses can then use this to their advantage by taking all their queries on board and making sure they do what they can to keep their customers happy. This could potentially result in more sales being made by the company. Next and Curry’s Increase profit: Next and Curry’s would be able to increase their profits if they create an online website for themselves as most of their customers would just purchase their items online as many customers would not have time to go to the actual store. Therefore it would work out better for the businesses if they decide to make a website. Customer feedback: The businesses would be able to see what feedback they have gotten from their customers through the comment box and this will help the companies improve their business so that it is meeting the customers standards which would result in more sales. Price compare: Next and Curry’s could compare the prices of their products to their competitors prices and then use this to make sure that their prices are more affordable. M2 – Explain how two selected, contrasting business organisations have responded to competitive pressures to develop their use of e-business Multimedia Next’s competitor is River Island and both the businesses use multimedia to promote their business and gain more customers. In order for Next to be ahead of their competition they have put up pictures and catwalks of the products that they have to offer so that their customers can see what the product looks like on a model. This will help the customer decide whether or not they wish to purchase the product. Delivery tracking/next day Next and River Island offer their customers a free next day delivery if they order before a certain time. Next has seen the promotion that River Island has going and they responded to this by giving their customers a longer time period to shop but offering them the same deal as River Island. Next also allows their customers to order by Midnight and have their product delivered to their local store the next day for them to collect. This has put Next ahead of River Island as River Island does not offer their customers the same deal. They also allow their customers to track their delivery so that they know what time to be expecting their delivery. Targeting customers Currys competitor is Argos and both of these business target their customers  in the same way. Currys and Argos target their customers online for example offering their customers deals on items that they know they are interested in. Currys responds to the deals that Argos has by offering their customers better deals on similar products that Argos is offering their customers. They also use social media to target their customers for example via Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Recruitment Currys and Argos use the internet to get more people to  work for their company. Currys can advertise their  job vacancies through social media websites like  Facebook and Twitter. They can offer their employees  deals which they know will attract more people and  this will benefit Currys because they will get more  people applying for jobs. Website In order for Next and Currys to be ahead of their competitors, they will need to make sure that their website is up to date on all their product information so that their customers stay  interested in the products that they sell. They make their  website easy for their customers to use so that they can easily find the product that they’re looking for.

Discover 8 ways to side-hustle online

Discover 8 ways to side-hustle online Eight ways to side-hustle online There’s nothing more desired for a student than an effortless side-hustle that won’t keep him or her running low on the budget. One thing you will need is basically an internet connection. Start earning! Matching Bets One of the easiest ways to get fast cash with minimum investment. Technically, you don’t use your own money, and you don’t lose anything. You don’t need to have smarts to understand the ground rules, neither do you need to know the betting terminology. To put it simply, multiple betting websites in the US offer free vouchers for your sign up, and they also send you offers like free $5 bet. This is where your money lies, once you get your hands on the free bet deals, you will make a bet against yourself, but on a different gambling outlets. In this way, your betting both for and against an outcome on two separate platforms, and since for each win you get an additional money bonus, you cannot be ripped off. Some matching tools can help you see where the bets are pretty much similar or nearly identical, so it helps you evaluate the best match and bet on it. With matching bets, you can earn as much as $1500! Online Surveys It’s an attractive ground for people who wish to earn extra pocket money in a snap. Research companies are always in need of honest opinion from people about a new product launch or on a topic of social matters. You can earn up to $5 for completing a single survey. The more online surveys you’ll find the more money you can get by answering multiple questions on different websites. As a rule, you have to reach a certain amount of money before you can withdraw them, so be aware that each site applies its own rules. Web Surfing The most effortless way to earn money yet! You just have to do what you already do, literally use the internet. Simply register on one of the websites that offer money for clicking the links and start earning by randomly clicking on every ad that you see on the websites. The more click - the more you earn. Then you can easily transfer your money to the PayPal account and withdraw them.    Market Trading This might be complicated at some point, but once you get ahold of the basics, it can bring you a big buck in a minute. For the beginners, several online stock markets offer free practice accounts, so that you can get to learn some general ideas and make your first trade with guides. Unlike any other way of making money online, the stock markets are extremely risky regarding losing your money if you make a mistake. So, in this case, it’s better to manipulate little amounts of money and be very careful with your decisions. Best to research the whole industry and get to learn from others before trading a lot of money! Set up your own Website Create your small business online with little effort and reap the benefits a real boss. Building your website is not as difficult as it might seem at first sight, but you still need a good foundation before you start for sure. And also, you’ll need to have some startup money, but it’s a worthwhile investment. Start your website in three simple steps: Buy a domain name Order web hosting service Create your design When everything is set up, use the power of social networks to advertise your business. And when you get ahold of the techniques and strategies, you’ll get top traffic sales. Review websites apps for cash Yet another simple way to earn money without digesting too many guides. Turn into a website tester and get $10 per site. You really need nothing more than an updated laptop, decent internet connection and a basic English knowledge. As a tester, you need to determine whether a website is user-friendly regarding design, navigation, quality, and ease-of-use for an average visitor. By the end of your review, you should make a small report in a written form describing all the pros and cons of the website. â€Å"Get Paid to† websites These sites offer you such activity as clicking the ads, taking mini tasks and passing surveys for money, it’s pretty much everything you can do online collected all together. You can choose from a variety of tasks and collect your bounty. Make sure to find legit websites that are not just another scam! Write and publish a Kindle eBook Did you know that you can publish an eBook and make money with the Amazon Kindle store? Today, almost any device supports Kindle app, making your audience huge. Even by setting the tiniest price on your book, you will still earn passively. Start with creating valuable content that anyone will learn from, e.g., Eight Ways to Make Money Online, and then conduct your research. Once you get everything arranged and settled, your book will be bringing you profit for years to come!

Canaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion

Canaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion Free Online Research Papers The humble origins of the bible and the religion of the Israelites belie the significant impact it has had on the history of mankind; crusades, genocides, and political insurrection have all occurred in its name. While few would refute the influence it has had, many of the parables and histories portrayed in the Bible are by no means original. General story lines and motifs from ancient writings are spread throughout the Old Testament. Possibly no culture played a more noteworthy role in the development of this monotheistic writing and religion more than the contemporary culture and cult of the Canaanites. The use of the term â€Å"Canaanite† is ambiguous and can be slightly misleading. In modern biblical readings, it is often used to classify a tribe or ethnicity of people. However, it does not appear that was its original meaning. The name Canaanite, scholars’ agree, refers to a group of independent city-states in an area extending from Lebanon in the north to the Nile in Egypt and from the Eastern Mediterranean coast to the Jordan River Valley. The simplistic view of the Canaanites as a homogenous ethnically similar group of people must therefore be abandoned and replaced with a more accurate portrayal as a loose affiliation of city-states, competing against one another for lucrative trade routes between Ancient Egypt and other major civilizations in Mesopotamia. In spite of this competition (or perhaps because of it), interactions amongst the various city-states did lead to similar cultural motifs, the most addressed of which were their religious beliefs. The peoples of Canaan, along with most other civilizations of the time, had a belief system that at first appears to be based on highly diverse pantheons of distinct gods (polytheism). Original support for this view of Canaanite religion came from archeological evidence like the cuneiform tablets found at Ugarit which contain lists of numerous gods, their histories and place in the pantheon, and descriptions of rituals to appease them. Written down by Ilimilku from Shubbani through the dictation of the head priest, Attanu-Purlianni, in the early 1300 BCE, it gives us important insight into the beliefs purported by the priesthood. It is important to remember though that nearly all the commoners at this time were illiterate and therefore, unable to utilize these tablets.2 The writings were the product of the elite for the elite. Once modern misconceptions of ancient people are removed, the polytheism recorded and thus preserved by the Canaanite elite does not seem to represent the religion of the masses. For the vast majority of people living in the land of Canaan during the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, life was filled with political insurrection and societal infighting. The Egyptian New Kingdom, most notably under Thutmose III in the mid 14th century BCE, campaigned and eventually integrated much of southern Canaan into its empire for a time. Adding to this disarray, pastoral tribes present in northern Canaan began settling in the urban areas of the Canaanite city-states as well as several coastal areas, bringing their conflicting religious practices and culture.3 Under this backdrop, the people of the land of Canaan could not be taken from their toils to appease the hundreds of gods their religion posited. Possibly in order to simplify matters or to have a more personal connection to a divine being, each city-state had a patron deity or couple deities that protected and controlled their interests. The royal families of each city-state were incorporated to a great extent into this religious system. Divine patronage, a religious practice in which the king derives his power from the patron god, was utilized in most Canaanite city-states (as well as Old Kingdom Egyptians).2 By this claim, the king was given legitimacy to rule and his commands were unquestionable. In return for the people’s obedience, the king was expected to be just and bring peace and prosperity to his people. When the king failed in these duties, the patron god brought retribution in the form of outside enemies and crop failures. An example of this belief is described by Professor Noll of Brandon University; King Mesha of Moab claimed his cities own deity brought outside invaders to destroy the people because of t he actions of his predecessor. Only his divine ascendancy to king saved the people.2 If one was to consider the extent to which the patron god was worshipped, the Canaanite religion might be better classified as a henotheism (the elevation of one deity over all the others). In a similar way, according to Dr. Weippert as cited by Othmar Keel, the Israelite people in pre-exilic times were polytheistic but with the majority of veneration and sacrifice directed toward the national deity Yahweh.4 In his divine capacity, like their contemporary Canaanite city-state patron gods, Yahweh communicated his will and justice to the people through various kings and prophets. An example of this can be found in 1 Kings 3 where Solomon receives guidance from god in a dream after a thousand sacrifices to appease Yahweh had been burnt at Gibeon. In addition, Yahweh punished his kingdom when they did not abide by his wishes. The Israelite God represented in the Bible is in many ways similar to the patron gods of Canaan with one major exception. The covenant with Yahweh was between the people of Israel and not their king. Going even further to assert the similarities between Canaanite and early Israelite religion, Dr. Weippert proposed, â€Å"Yahweh, the national god of Israel did not stand alone in pre-exilic times he had a goddess [Asherah] next to himself.†4 Asherah was Yahweh’s consort and as such carried significant power. It is important to note that the Canaanite’s originally worshipped Asherah as the consort of their high god El. The temples dedicated to her were home to the prostitutes and sacred fertility rituals later staunchly denounced in the Bible. The downfall of the significance of Asherah by the early Israelites is asserted by many feminist theologians to be the direct result of an emerging patriarchal society that wished to downplay the role women had in religious affairs. 2 4 In many ways, religious beliefs of the day were a foundation by which the morals and customs of the society could be justified. By removing the fertility goddess Asherah, and thereby any female divinity, priests were able to justify the subservient role women played in the new society. According to Dr. Weipper, his hypothesis that pre-exilic Israelites were polytheistic is supported by inscriptions at the archaeological site of Kuntillet Ajrud in Sinai.4 Along the unearthed sanctuary walls, inscriptions can be found of both the Canaanite gods (El, Baal, and specifically Asherah) and the Israelite god Yahweh. However, there is a large amount of disagreement about the significance of these inscriptions. Biblical scholars dismiss the findings at Kuntillet Ajrud contending that, while pre-exilic Israelites were aware of the Canaanite religious pantheon, they did not share in the worship of them. Dr. Weippert rejects this theory by noting the familiarity with which the inscribers wrote of Baal and El, as well as certain characteristics later ascribed to Yahweh that were originally meant to represent Baal.4 Notable similarities between the storm god Baal and Yahweh appear in Deuteronomy 33:26-27. â€Å"Ancient sources demonstrate that both gods control the weather, ride on clouds, defeat mythical beasts that symbolize the chaotic floodwaters threatening the earth, and rule as divine king.†2 In name only was there a significant distinction between Yahweh and Baal to the people of Canaan. This must have been noticed by early biblical writers, as many parables and much rhetoric revolved around proving the Canaanite gods false.2 The similarities between Baal, El, and Yahweh are part of a larger trend of adaptation and manipulation of Canaanite deities’ names and attributes occurring well before the Early Iron Age. Whether or not the Israelites and their religion were descended from an earlier tribe of Canaan or were simply influenced by a contemporary society, it is undeniable that the religion of the people of Canaan had a significant impact on the formation of the Israelites monotheist belief structure. The Canaanites city-state patron god framework created a template that was later built upon by the Israelites. Evolving from a polytheist pantheon of gods, into a henotheist view of an omnipotent Yahweh with his consort, the early Israelites ultimately reformed their ideas into a practical monotheistic view that allowed for no other gods but Yahweh. References: Coogan, Michael David. 1978. Stories from Ancient Canaan. Westminster: John Knox Press. Gnuse, Robert. 1999. â€Å"The Emergence of Monotheism in Ancient Israel: A Survey of Recent Scholarship.† Religion 29: 315–336 Golden, Jonathan Michael. 2004. Ancient Canaan and Israel. ABC-CLIO Othmar Keel, Christoph Uehlinger, Thomas H. Trapp. 1998. Gods, Goddesses, and Images of God in Ancient Israel. Continuum International Publishing Group. Noll, K. 2007. Canaanite religion. Religion Compass 1:61–92. Research Papers on Canaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBringing Democracy to Africa19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMind TravelPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

The True Followers of Holy Christ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The True Followers of Holy Christ - Essay Example Consequently, they could only be included in the religion through holy bath or baptism in order to associate them with their parents as the followers of Jesus Christ. Infant baptism, according to the American Catholic Organization, only makes sense if parents are true Christian disciples. If they are not, then it makes little sense to initiate their children into a Church which calls for a commitment to living the mission of Christ (2012). Baptism is conducted with the same religious fervor as the ancient Jews used to make arrangements for the execution of circumcision of the newly born boys in order to demonstrate their love and affiliation with the first patriarch Abraham (Diamont, 2005); the same is the case with baptism, which seeks its roots in the earliest Christian era, when the Church had maintained rigorous standards for the entry of non-Christians in the faith; consequently, the saints used to baptize the people embracing the faith, which used to be the sign of the grant of pardon from all the previous sins they had committed before converting to Christianity (Latourette 1975). In addition, baptism is also performed by repeating the ways of Jesus Christ, as New Testament manifestly reveals that Jesus was baptized himself by John (Luke 3:21; Matthew 3:16; Mark 1: 9-10). Later, the saints including Augustine of Hippo and others were also baptized at the eve of adopting the faith (Augustine 2011). Gradually, the tradition earned the status of an essential religious sacrament to be performed on all the newborn babies. Being the part of old tradition, which has become a sign and symbol of the adopting Christianity as faith, the Catholics still stick to the ritual of baptizing their young ones in order to demonstrate their unflinching belief in Jesus Christ as Savior on the one hand, and the source of spiritual guidance, and worldly and eternal bliss on the other. Thus, baptism has become an integral part of Christian faith, which is performed on infant bab ies and converts with great religious fervor and enthusiasm in all parts of the globe at large. PART II Baptism/ Initiation Rites in Christianity and Islam: Initiation in Christianity: While discussing the initial Catholic rites other than baptism, confirmation and Eucharist are also included in the list. The Sacraments of Initiation are the initial sacraments by which persons become members of the Catholic Faith (saintanne.org). All the three initiation rites are conducted equally on the young members of Christian faith as well as on the adult converts. Baptism is the bathing in a pool, tank, brook or river etc, which could be performed while standing, sitting, or kneeling in some water, where another Christian then lowers him under the water and then brings him back up out of the water, which is literally called immersion; the same word is found in the Bible (clarifyingchristianity.com). The same process is conducted on the infants with the help of their parents, while they take i n their arms or laps during the process. Like baptism, confirmation also maintains an important place in basic Sacraments. Baptism corresponds, according to Pope St. Leo, to our bodily birth, while confirmation corresponds to our bodily growth (Hardon 1998).

Changes in Human Resource Management at BMW Company Essay

Changes in Human Resource Management at BMW Company - Essay Example BMW Company has two manufacturing groups mainly the Mini and Rolls-Royce and it has been documented that they produced more than 1.3 million vehicles in 2006. Reports further indicate that by 2010, the company stepped up its production to more than I.4million vehicles (Oliver 2008,p.576). It was found that the company had settled on the production of motorcycles after the completion of the First World War and later advanced into the production of vehicles. Human Resource Policy. With the era of improved business, BMW has changed its strategy to accommodate their customers as they have applied one that focused on serving their customers. In the last decade, the company has developed to be more practical and willing to accommodate change that is customer oriented (Dessler 2000,p.81). The organizational structure has been rearranged in that it can be able to handle new operation styles. The culture that exists in the company has helped a great deal in the implementation of the new strat egies that have been put in place and thus ensuring the success of the strategies (Gilmore & Williams 2009,p.83).This is an indication that the human resource policies have played a vital role in the good performance of the organization. Due to the pressure emanating from competition between BMW and other companies as well as the national economies, the organization has had to undertake several changes especially in the management of their human resource so as to be able to beat the competition at the international market.